Exposure Assessment of Natural Radiation

Abstract

This exploration into natural radiation's origins within Earth's environment covers its historical progression, health and environmental impacts, and the essential evaluation and regulation of these sources. It underscores the need for understanding and establishing safety measures, encompassing types, exposure methods, health effects, regulations, and future challenges. As a matter of fact, cosmic, terrestrial, and internal elements contribute to natural radiation. Cosmic rays from the outer space, terrestrial sources like uranium, and internal absorption from within the body may pose health risks. Measurement units like Roentgen, Gray, Sievert, and Becquerel regulate exposure, vital for safeguarding health and the environment. Exposure assessment tools like Thermos-Luminescent Dosimeter (TLD), Optical Stimulated Luminescent (OSL) dosimeters, and gamma spectrometry measure doses and identify radioisotopes. Biological dosimetry evaluates radiation effects on living organisms, offering insights into health risks and management strategies. Advancements like gamma-ray spectrometry and digital Geiger Muller (GM) Counters enhance understanding and data precision in various environments, enabling risk assessment and regulatory compliance. Attempts have been made to touch upon the health risks like lung cancer, genetic mutations, tissue damage, emphasizing the need for extensive research and safety strategies. International regulatory frameworks manage natural radiation risks, with nations setting varying limits. Environmental impact studies aim to preserve safety for future generations.