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Research Journals >
Indian Journal of Natural Products and Resources (IJNPR)
[Formerly Natural Product Radiance (NPR)] >
IJNPR Vol.1 [2010] >
IJNPR Vol.1(2) [June 2010] >
| Title: | Surface morphology, chemical and structural assignment of gum Kondagogu (Cochlospermum gossypium DC.): An exudate tree gum of India |
| Authors: | Vinod, V T P
Sashidhar, R B |
| Keywords: | Gum kondagogu
Smith degradation
Cochlospermum gossypium
Natural biopolymer
Food
Textile
Pharmaceutical |
| Issue Date: | Jun-2010 |
| Publisher: | CSIR |
| IPC Code: | Int. cl.8—A61K 36/00, C08B 37/00 |
| Abstract: |
Indian forests are a major source of large number of non-wood forest
products. One such product is an exudate tree gum, regionally called as gum
Kondagogu (Cochlospermum gossypium DC.), belonging to the family Bixaceae. This gum is collected by
tribals in the state of Andhra Pradesh and marketed by Girijan Cooperative
Society, Andhra Pradesh, India. Experimental work carried
out in our laboratory on this gum has resulted in assigning a separate identity
to this gum as compared to the well established and commercially exploited gum
Karaya. Gum kondagogu has unique physiochemical properties as compared to other
tree gums. Proximate analysis of the gum indicates that it has high volatile
acidity and water-binding capacity. Elemental composition of gum kondagogu was
determined by Energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (EDXRF).
Surface morphological studies based on SEM analysis showed irregular shape with
sharp edges in the native gum, while the deacetylated gum showed a fibrilar and
porous structure. AFM analysis indicated that native gum was visualized as
spherical lumps, suggesting an inter- or intra-molecular aggregation. TEM image
of native gum kondagogu showed that the polymer was an extending linear chain
with branch points. FT-IR spectrum of native gum indicated the predominant presence
of acetyl group (12%w/w). Analytical data on gum kondagogu indicated that the
major neutral sugars were arabinose, mannose, a-D-glucose, b-D-glucose, rhamnose and
galactose, whereas uronic acids (D-Glucuronic acid, b-D-galacturonic acid and a-D-galacturonic acid)
were the major acidic sugars. Structural assignment was carried out using acid
hydrolysis, Smith degradation and NMR studies [1H, 13C,
2-D NMR (TOCSY and NOESY)]. Smith degradation analysis indicated that the back
bone structure of gum kondagogu was that of a-D-GalpA-(1®4)-a-L-Rhap and can be
grouped under rhamnogalacturonan type of gum. The experimental work provides
enough evidence to exploit this natural biopolymer in food, textile and
pharmaceutical industry.
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| Page(s): | 181-192 |
| Source: | IJNPR Vol.1(2) [June 2010]
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