Voltage-mode OTA-based active-C universal filter and its transformation into CFA-based RC-filter

Abstract

An absolute minimum component voltage-mode (VM) universal filter, employing two each of operational transconductance amplifiers (OTAs) and capacitors with three inputs and one output, is presented. The circuit can be transformed into CFA-based RC-filter involving two each of current feedback amplifiers (CFAs), capacitors and resistors. OTA-C circuit enjoys electronic tunability of filtering parameters while its CFA-based RC version offers low output impedance which suits cascadability. PSPICE simulation and the experimental results of both the circuits are included.