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Indian Journal of Experimental Biology (IJEB) >
IJEB Vol.44 [2006] >
IJEB Vol.44(06) [June 2006] >
| Title: | Peroxynitrite: A potent oxidizing and nitrating agent |
| Authors: | Kamat, J P |
| Keywords: | Nitrating agent
Oxidant
Peroxynitrite |
| Issue Date: | Jun-2006 |
| Publisher: | CSIR |
| Abstract: | Nitric oxide (NO.) reacts with superoxide (O2-.)
forming peroxynitrite (PXN) (ONOO-), a strong oxidant which reacts
with several biomolecules leading to enormous implications in biological
process1-3, holds enormous implications for the understanding of
free radicals. The ONOO- formation in vivo has significant implications in free radical biology. It
exerts a defensive role in large number of pathophysiological reactions2,3
and also acts as signaling molecule in activation of several protooncogenes4,5.
It decomposes rapidly to an intermediate and reacts with several
biomolecules4. Evidence for PXN formation in vivo has been obtained immunohistochemically through detection
of a characteristic reaction product with protein tyrosine residues and
3-nitrotyrosine6. This “biomarker” of PXN formation has now been
identified in various pathologies such as Lou Gehrig’s disease, Parkinson’s
disease, cancer, atherosclerosis as well as in biological aging.
3-nitrotyrosine formation has been documented in various tissues, e.g. even in
non-diseased embryonic heart during normal development. Therefore, there is a
great opportunity in the postgenomic period to understand the interplay of
these molecular interactions with biological events such as apoptosis, gene
regulation etc. This review deals with biological significance of
peroxynitrite, its precursors, reactions with large range of biomolecules,
including aminoacids, proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, antioxidants as well as
cytotoxic aspects. |
| Page(s): | 436-447 |
| ISSN: | 0975-1009 (Online); 0019-5189 (Print) |
| Source: | IJEB Vol.44(06) [June 2006]
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