Characteristic of Sporadic-E over the anomaly crest region during the low solar cycle

Abstract

The paper describes the occurrence of the sporadic-E layer for the anomaly crest region Bhopal,   (23.2° N, 77.4° E and 18.4°) over four years, covering the waning phase of the 23^rd Solar Cycle and the preliminary phase of 24^th Solar Cycle. This precise period is very appropriate for observing the sunspot number and it includes periods of stumpy solar activities. We also included space weather activities along with it. We have taken the auroral electrojet index (AE) and, disturbed storm time index (Dst), Interplanetary Magnetic Field (Bz), to characterize the storm intensity. The sunspot number (Rz), solar flux (F10.7) and Proton Density are described in solar activities. The occurrence probability of Sporadic- E, the layer is maximum in the summertime, temperate during the equinox time, and low during the wintertime. Noteworthy occurrence summits appears from June to July in summer and from December to January in winter. The layer occurrence exhibited a dual peak variation with individual layer group, in the morning and the other during the evening. The dawn layer ancestry was related to layering density-increased representative the consolidation of the layer while it decreased during the evening layer ancestry.