Minimum component current-mode universal filter

Abstract

A novel current-mode (CM) universal filter based on and employing only one second generation current conveyor (CCII+), two operational transconductance amplifiers (OTAs), and three grounded capacitors is presented. The grounded capacitor configuration of the proposed circuit is beneficial to an integrated

<span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:" times="" new="" roman";="" mso-fareast-font-family:"times="" roman";color:black;mso-ansi-language:en-in;="" mso-fareast-language:en-in;mso-bidi-language:hi"="" lang="EN-IN">circuit (IC) implementation. Three types of current-transfers lowpass (LP), highpass (HP), and bandpass (BP) can be achieved simultaneously while other filtering responses allpass (AP) and notch can be obtained by summing the appropriate node currents without any change to be induced in the filter structure and/or employment of additional components. The transconductance gains of OTAs are used to tune the filter characteristics electronically in an orthogonal manner. The structure is devoid of resistors and enjoys low sensitivity performance. The experimental results are included.</span>