NISCAIR Online Periodicals Repository Collection: IJEB Vol.47(08) [August 2009]

Hybridization between threatened freshwater catfish Mystus gulio (Hamilton & Buchanan) and Mystus montanus (Jerdon) by artificial fertilization

Wed, 29 Jul 2009 22:58:59 GMT

Title: Hybridization between threatened freshwater catfish Mystus gulio (Hamilton & Buchanan) and Mystus montanus (Jerdon) by artificial fertilization

Authors: Haniffa, M A; Dhanaraj, M; Ramakrishnan, C Muthu; Manju, R Arthi; Kumar, Y Ananth; Singh, S V Arun

Abstract: Inter-specific hybrids were produced between the threatened catfish species Mystus gulio × Mystus montanus. The differences in percentage of fertilization and hatching between control and interspecies were significant. The survival of hybrid was significantly lower (24.80 ± 4.3%) when compared to control (95.1 ± 3.5%). Time difference in yolk absorption by hybrid (73.30 h) was higher than that of control (72 h). When compared to interspecific fertilized egg the hatching time (24-25 h) and viability of larvae of the control were significantly better. In hybrids more deformed hatchlings (52.7 ± 4.2 %) were noticed than the control (24.80 ± 4.3%).

Page(s): 679-683

Molluscicidal activity of Piper cubeba Linn., Piper longum Linn. and Tribulus terrestris Linn. and their combinations against snail Indoplanorbis exustus Desh.

Wed, 29 Jul 2009 22:58:59 GMT

Title: Molluscicidal activity of Piper cubeba Linn., Piper longum Linn. and Tribulus terrestris Linn. and their combinations against snail Indoplanorbis exustus Desh.

Authors: Pandey, Jitendra K; Singh, D K

Abstract: The toxic effect of dried berries powder of P. cubeba, dried fruit powder of P. longum and T. terrestris singly as well as in combination [binary(1:1) and tertiary (1:1:1)] were studied against snail I. exustus. Toxicity of these plant products were time and concentration dependent. Ethanol extracts of these plants were more effective than that of other organic solvents. 96 h LC₅₀ value of column purified fraction of T. terrestris against I. exustus was 9.57 mg/l, where as 96 h LC₅₀values of column purified fractions of P. longum and P. cubeba were 11.57 mg/l and 10.93 mg/l, respectively. Binary (1:1) combination of P. cubeba (PC) + P. longum (PL) (41.78 mg/l) was more effective than P. cubeba (PC) + T. terrestris (TT) (42.17 mg/l) and P. longum (PL) + T. terrestris (TT) (55.84 mg/l) respectively; while tertiary (1:1:1) combinations of P. cubeba (PC) + T. terrestris (TT) + T. foenum-graecum (TF) (10.67 mg/l) was more effective than rest of the combinations. These plants can be used as potent source of molluscicides against the snail I. exustus.

Page(s): 643-648

Sequence information, ontogeny and tissue-specific expression of complement component C3 in Indian major carp, Labeo rohita (Hamilton)

Wed, 29 Jul 2009 22:58:59 GMT

Title: Sequence information, ontogeny and tissue-specific expression of complement component C3 in Indian major carp, Labeo rohita (Hamilton)

Authors: Mishra, Jasobanta; Sahoo, P K; Mohanty, B R; Das, Abhilipsa

Abstract: The complement system is one of the first line of immune defence mechanisms as well as a modifier of acquired immunity. C3 is the central complement component primarily synthesized in liver. The local synthesis of C3 in tissues other than liver may play an important role in local inflammatory processes. The present study aims at looking into ontogeny of C3 in Labeo rohita and its tissue-specific expression that is yet to be explored for Indian carps. Unfertilised eggs, and eggs after 0, 1, 3, 6, 12 h post-fertilization and hatchlings at 24 h, and 3 and 7 days post-fertilization were collected from three brood fish of L. rohita (rohu). Total RNA was extracted from ~50 mg of tissue and subjected to RT-PCR using heterologous carp primers to amplify C3 fragment. A product of 155 bp size of rohu C3 was amplified, the deduced amino acid sequence of which had 91.1% similarity to that of Cyprinus carpio C3. C3 mRNA was not detected in unfertilized and 6 h post-fertilised eggs. C3 transcripts were detected 12 h post-fertilisation. Similarly, tissues from liver, spleen, kidney, muscle, brain, gonads, intestine, blood, heart and gills collected from juveniles of rohu were subjected to detection of C3 transcripts by RT-PCR and C3 mRNA was detected in all the tissues. Thus, it is concluded that there is extra-hepatic synthesis of complement (C3) in L. rohita and the synthesis of this component occurs only 6 h post-fertilisation.

Page(s): 672-678

Stem cell-like outgrowths from in vitro fertilized goat blastocysts

Wed, 29 Jul 2009 22:58:59 GMT

Title: Stem cell-like outgrowths from in vitro fertilized goat blastocysts

Authors: Pawar, S S; Malakar, D; De, A K; Akshey, Y S

Abstract: With an aim to isolate, culture and characterize goat embryonic stem cell-like cells derived from in vitro fertilized goat blastocysts, slaughterhouse derived goat oocytes were in vitro matured in maturation medium in 5% CO₂air at 38.5^oC. Matured oocytes were fertilized in vitro with fresh capacitated spermatozoa. Total 636 (36.5%) cleaved embryos were obtained which were further co-cultured with goat oviductal epithelial cells (GOEC) for 7-10 days. GOEC culture system was better for formation of morula (150; 44.3%) and hatched blastocyst (13; 3.8%) than embryo development medium culture system, [morula (69; 23.1%) and hatched blastocyst (5; 1.6%)]. Out of total blastocysts (48) the primary colonies were formed in 23.3% (7/30) blastocysts, and 66.6% (12/18) of hatched blastocysts. The cells of the inner cell mass (ICM) derived primary colonies were small, aggregated and tightly packed in nature forming embryoid bodies on further subculture. The colonies were stained to see the expression of alkaline phosphatase and positive result was obtained. Goat embryonic stem cell like outgrowths were also characterized for Oct-4 expression and positive result was found. It could be concluded that ICM cells were isolated from in vitro fertilized goat blastocysts and cultured for embryonic stem cell-like cells and expression of alkaline phosphatase and Oct-4 in these cells were positive.

Page(s): 635-642