NISCAIR Online Periodicals Repository Community: JSIR Vol.64 [2005]

Biofuels in Europe

Sat, 29 Oct 2005 22:58:59 GMT

Title: Biofuels in Europe

Authors: His, Stephane

Abstract: Biofuels have been under industrial development for over 20 years. Still handicapped by high costs, their future once again looks promising because they might be able to help reduce oil consumption and greenhouse gas emissions in the transport sector. This is especially true in Europe, where recently approved directives contain ambitious production volume targets encouraging member states to develop biofuels.

Page(s): 931-935

Biomass energy priority for developing nations

Sat, 29 Oct 2005 22:58:59 GMT

Title: Biomass energy priority for developing nations

Authors: Bungay, Henry R

Abstract: All countries have unused biomass resources. Some are wastes with costs for disposal, but others are cultivated and collected. Because arable lands are not abundant and vary greatly in fertility, access to water, harvesting cost, and transportation costs, the decisions about what biomass to collect and how to use it must be wise. It is naive to view biomass as the panacea for the coming energy crisis because there is not enough in practical locations and the costs involved in retrieving and refining it will be relatively high. Major thrusts for commercialization of biomass refining are imminent, and fuel ethanol, despite its enormous potential, market may not be the most profitable product. Comparison of some developing countries shows wide differences in their problems and potential solutions.

Page(s): 928-930

Recent developments on biodiesel in Malaysia

Sat, 29 Oct 2005 22:58:59 GMT

Title: Recent developments on biodiesel in Malaysia

Authors: Kalam, M A; Masjuki, H H

Abstract: This paper presents recent developments on biodiesel production from palm oil, its properties and engine test results to evaluate its performance on diesel engine. The potential of palm diesel to be commercially used depends on its price comparison with diesel fuel and its status of reservation. Increasing cost and pollution effects of fossil diesel fuel can be resolved through producing vegetable oil based fuels such as palm diesel. This paper discusses Malaysian palm diesel as well as global biodiesel status, standardization of biodiesel and their commercial price consideration and various engine test results on aspects of brake power, combustion, emissions, engine wear and lubrication performance.

Page(s): 920-927

Production of ethanol from biomass - Research in Sweden

Sat, 29 Oct 2005 22:58:59 GMT

Title: Production of ethanol from biomass - Research in Sweden

Authors: Galbe, Mats; Liden, Gunnar; Zacchi, Guido

Abstract: Ethanol produced from various lignocellulosic materials such as wood, agricultural and forest residues has the potential to be a valuable substitute for, or complement to, gasoline. This paper reviews the research activities in Sweden on development of the technology for ethanol production from lignocellulosics. The paper focuses on hemicellulose and cellulose hydrolysis and fermentation as well as on process integration and techno-economic evaluation of the overall process.

Page(s): 905-919