http://nopr.niscair.res.in/handle/123456789/4188 Search the Channel search http://nopr.niscair.res.in/simple-search http://nopr.niscair.res.in/handle/123456789/4211 Title: Comparative potential of modified indigenous, indigenous and commercial ELISA kits for diagnosis of <i style="">Mycobacterium avium</i> subspecies <i style="">paratuberculosis</i> in goat and sheep <br/> <br/>Authors: Singh, A V; Singh, S V; Sohal, J S; Singh, P K <br/> <br/>Abstract: In the present study, modified indigenous ELISA kit (kit 1) was compared with indigenous ELISA kit (kit 2) and commercial ELISA kit (kit 3) for its sensitivity and specificity with respect to faecal culture for diagnosis of Johne’s disease in goats and sheep under natural conditions. Of the 64 positive animals, serum of 42.1, 48.4 and 18.7% animals yielded positive infection in kit 1, 2 and 3, respectively. Specificity of kit 1 (95.1%) was maximum followed by kit 3 (93.7%) and kit 2 (83.4%). Kit 1 showed superior diagnostic potential than the other two kits. Kit 1 may be used as single screening test regimen for diagnosis of MAP infection in the population of goats and sheep in India. <br/> <br/>Page(s): 379-382 Tue, 28 Apr 2009 22:58:59 GMT http://nopr.niscair.res.in/handle/123456789/4210 Title: An improved method for staining kinetochores of human chromosomes <br/> <br/>Authors: He, Junlin; Liu, Xueqing; Ding, Yubin; Yu, Chao; Weng, Yaguang; Chen, Xuemei; Gao, Rufei; Wang, Yingxiong <br/> <br/>Abstract: An improved method, which exhibited simultaneously clearly kinetochores and the nucleolar organizer regions of human chromosomes by pretreating of human metaphase chromosomes with HCl and NaOH, followed by staining with silver nitrate and visualizing using ammoniacal silver, is described in the present communication. It has important role for analysis of kinetochore variation, mechanism of chromosomal non-disjunction as well as identification of fuctional active centromeres. <br/> <br/>Page(s): 376-378 Tue, 28 Apr 2009 22:58:59 GMT http://nopr.niscair.res.in/handle/123456789/4209 Title: Ethosomes: A novel delivery system for antifungal drugs in the treatment of topical fungal diseases <br/> <br/>Authors: Bhalaria, M.K.; Naik, Sachin; Misra, A.N. <br/> <br/>Abstract: Aim of this work was to prepare and characterize fluconazole (FLZ) encapsulated ethosomes, incorporate it in suitable dermatological base, and asses its comparative clinical efficacy in the treatment of Candidiasis patients against liposomal gel, marketed product and hydroethanolic solution of the drug. Drug encapsulated ethosomes and liposomes were prepared and optimized by “Hot” method technique and lipid film hydration technique. Vesicular carriers were characterized for % entrapment efficiency, particle size and shape, <i>in vitro</i> drug diffusion study, mean % reduction in dimension of Candidiasis lesion and stability study by using suitable analytical technique. Vesicle size and drug entrapment efficiency of the optimized ethosomes and liposomes were found to be 144±6.8nm and 82.68% and 216±9.2 nm and 68.22% respectively. Microscopic examinations suggest ethosomes to be multilamellar spherical vesicles with a smooth surface. The differential scanning calorimetry results suggest high fluidity of the ethosomes than liposomes. <i>In vitro</i> drug diffusion studies demonstrated that % drug diffused from ethosomes was nearly twice than liposomes and three times higher than the hydroethanolic solution across rat skin. From the clinical evaluation, the developed novel delivery system demonstrated enhanced antifungal activity compared to liposomal formulation, marketed formulation and hydroethanolic solution of the drug. <br/> <br/>Page(s): 368-375 Tue, 28 Apr 2009 22:58:59 GMT http://nopr.niscair.res.in/handle/123456789/4208 Title: Effects of microinjection of angiotensin II and captopril into nucleus accumbens on morphine self-administration in rats <br/> <br/>Authors: Hosseini, Mahmoud; Alaei, Hojjat Allah; Headari, Rahelah; Eslamizadeh, Mohammad Javad <br/> <br/>Abstract: With an aim to investigate the effects of injection of angiotensin II (Ang II) and captopril into the nucleus accumbens (NAC) on morphine self-administration, male Wistar rats were first trained to receive small pellets of food by pressing the active lever in self-administration apparatus. The animals, divided into 4 groups (saline, morphine, captopril and Ang II) were placed in self-administration apparatus and were allowed to self-administer morphine (0.5 mg per infusion all test groups) or saline (saline group) during consecutive days, for 2 h/sessions. Captopril (30 µg) and Ang II (0.25 nM) were injected into NAC in the corresponding groups before each session. In morphine group, the number of active lever pressing was significantly higher than passive during all 5 days and was also significantly higher than saline group. In captopril group, there were no significant differences between the number of active and passive lever pressings. However, the number of active lever pressing was significantly lower than morphine group. The results highlight the interaction between captopril and opioid system in NAC. <br/> <br/>Page(s): 361-367 Tue, 28 Apr 2009 22:58:59 GMT