http://nopr.niscair.res.in/handle/123456789/13661 Search the Channel search http://nopr.niscair.res.in/simple-search http://nopr.niscair.res.in/handle/123456789/13712 Title: Carboxymethyl cellulose versus microcrystalline cellulose in the manufacturing of liquid detergents <br/> <br/>Authors: Agarwal, Charu; Ilindra, Ambuj; Karadbhajne, Vijay <br/> <br/>Abstract: In the present study, microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) has been used as a substitute for carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) in the manufacturing of liquid detergents with the aim to bring out a product comparable between the two derivatives of cellulose in terms of thickening property and cost economics. Liquid detergent samples are prepared in the laboratory as per standard formulation with different amounts of MCC and CMC. MCC is found to be superior to CMC, both as a thickening agent and in its cost effectiveness. <br/> <br/>Page(s): 149-151 Mon, 27 Feb 2012 22:58:59 GMT http://nopr.niscair.res.in/handle/123456789/13711 Title: Verification of mathematical model for displacement washing of kraft pulp fibres <br/> <br/>Authors: Arora, Shelly; Potůček, František <br/> <br/>Abstract: A transient mathematical model has been followed to study the displacement washing of pulp bed composed of porous, compressible and cylindrical shaped fibres. The flow pattern of wash liquid through the bed can be described by a dispersion flow model involving Peclet number and Biot number. The effect of porosity along with Peclet number and Biot number on the solution profile of exit solute concentration <i style="">via</i> breakthrough curves has been studied. Concentration of solute adsorbed on fibre surface and intrapore solute concentration are related by Langmuir adsorption isotherm. Displacement washing has been simulated using a laboratory washing cell. Five runs of experiments have been performed on pulp beds formed from unbeaten, unbleached kraft fibres to check the authenticity of theoretical results. Axial dispersion coefficient is found to be influenced by interstitial velocity as well as the bed consistency. Washing process is affected collectively by Peclet number, Biot number and bed porosity. <br/> <br/>Page(s): 140-148 Mon, 27 Feb 2012 22:58:59 GMT http://nopr.niscair.res.in/handle/123456789/13710 Title: Comparative study of stability and properties of alcohol-diesel blends <br/> <br/>Authors: Mehta, Rakhi N; Chakraborty, Mousumi; Parikh, Parimal A <br/> <br/>Abstract: Present study deals with the blending of petro-diesel with ethanol and butanol, where biodiesel is added as an amphiphile (surfactant) to stabilize the blends. It is observed from the experiments that butanol forms more stable blends as compared to ethanol which has been justified by the backscattering profiles and droplet size distributions of the emulsified blends. In order to ascertain the applicability of blends as fuel, physical properties such as density, kinematic viscosity, flash point, cold filter plugging point and surface tension of most stable blends (both ethanol and butanol) have been determined as per the ASTM standards. The quality of the blends is checked using copper strip corrosion and oxidation stability. Cetane index is calculated using four variable equation method. Results suggest that all the properties are in accordance with the stipulated standard values with the only exception of flash points. <br/> <br/>Page(s): 134-139 Mon, 27 Feb 2012 22:58:59 GMT http://nopr.niscair.res.in/handle/123456789/13709 Title: Kinetic behaviour of ascorbic acid - fructose browning reaction in alkaline medium <br/> <br/>Authors: Kambo, Neelu; Upadhyay, Santosh K <br/> <br/>Abstract: Ascorbic acid and fructose react in an aqueous alkaline solution at temperature below 50°C in a Maillard-type reaction to from brown coloured end products. The kinetics of browning of alkaline solution of fructose in presence of ascorbic acid has been studied by measuring the absorbance of browning development in the reaction. The development of brown colour due to heating of either reducing sugar alone or ascorbic acid alone in the presence of alkali is found to be very slow even at high temperature (~70°C). However, in the presence of ascorbic acid the development of brown colour due to heating of alkaline fructose is sufficiently fast even at low temperature ~50°C. The rate of development of colour (browning reaction) has been found to be first order dependence with respect to [alkali] and [fructose] and fractional order dependence with respect to [ascorbic acid] at low concentrations of ascorbic acid. A mechanism consistent with the observed kinetic data has also been proposed. <br/> <br/>Page(s): 128-133 Mon, 27 Feb 2012 22:58:59 GMT