http://nopr.niscair.res.in/handle/123456789/11735 Search the Channel search http://nopr.niscair.res.in/simple-search http://nopr.niscair.res.in/handle/123456789/11746 Title: <i style="">In silico</i> designing of insecticidal small interfering RNA (siRNA) for <i style="">Helicoverpa armigera </i>control <br/> <br/>Authors: Choudhary, Meenakshi; Sahi, Shakti <br/> <br/>Abstract: <i style="">Helicoverpa armigera</i>, a polyphagous lepidopteron insect pest causes severe yield loss in cotton, legumes, tomato, okra and other crops. Application of chemical<b style=""> </b>pesticides although effective, has human health and environmental safety concerns. Moreover, development of resistance against most of the available pesticides is compelling to look for alternative strategies. Adoption of <i style="">Bt</i> transgenic crops have resulted in reduction in pesticide consumption and increasing crop productivity. However, sustainability of <i style="">Bt</i> transgenic crops is threatened by the emergence of insect resistance. In the present study potential insecticidal siRNA were identified in six <i style="">H. armigera</i> hormonal pathway genes. Out of over 2000 computationally identified siRNA, 16 most promising siRNA were selected that address the biosafety concerns and have high potential of targeted gene silencing. These siRNA will be useful for chemical synthesis, in insect feeding assays and knockdown the target H. armigera hormone biosynthesis, consequently obstructing the completion of insect life cycle. The siRNA have a great potential of deployment to control <i style="">H. armigera </i>alone as well as with <i style="">Bt</i> for insect resistance management. <br/> <br/>Page(s): 469-474 Sun, 29 May 2011 22:58:59 GMT http://nopr.niscair.res.in/handle/123456789/11745 Title: Anti-ulcerogenic and proton pump (H⁺, K⁺ ATPase) inhibitory activity of <i style="">Kolaviron </i>from<i style=""> Garcinia kola</i> Heckel in rodents <br/> <br/>Authors: Onasanwo, Samuel A; Singh, Neetu; Olaleye, Samuel B; Palit, Gautam <br/> <br/>Abstract: Anti-ulcer potential and proton pump inhibitory activity of kolaviron (KV) isolated from<i> Garcinia kola </i>Heckel has been evaluated using different ulcer models. Cold-restraint (CRU), aspirin (ASP), alcohol (AL), pyloric ligation (PL) induced gastric ulcer models were used to assess&nbsp; anti-ulcerogenic activity of KV in rats. Effects of KV on gastric juice for free and total acidity, peptic activity and mucin secretion were also evaluated. The H⁺, K⁺-ATPase activity was assayed in gastric microsomes, spectrophotometrically. Results of this study showed that KV (200 mg/kg) reduced the incidence of ulcers in CRU (69.0%), PL (67.6%), ASP (68.6%) and AL (51.5%). Reductions were also observed in free acidity (32.6%), total acidity (56.2%) and peptic activity (35.4%) with increase in mucin secretion by 40.1%. KV inhibited the H⁺,K⁺-ATPase activity with IC₅₀ of 43.8 <img src='/image/spc_char/micro.gif' border=0>g/ml compared with omeprazole with IC₅₀ of 32.3 <img src='/image/spc_char/micro.gif' border=0>g/ml. KV<i> </i>showed both cyto-protective and anti-secretory potentials against peptic ulcer models, and a proton pump inhibitory activity. KV may emerge as a potent anti-ulcer compound. <br/> <br/>Page(s): 461-468 Sun, 29 May 2011 22:58:59 GMT http://nopr.niscair.res.in/handle/123456789/11744 Title: Hepatoprotective and antioxidant properties of <i>Suaeda maritima </i>(L.) Dumort<i> </i>ethanolic extract on concanavalin-A induced hepatotoxicity in rats <br/> <br/>Authors: Ravikumar, S; Gnanadesigan, M; Inbaneson, S Jacob; Kalaiarasi, A <br/> <br/>Abstract: Hepatoprotective and antioxidant properties of <i style="">Suaeda maritima </i>(L.) Dumort on concanavalin-A induced stress in Wistar albino rats have been reported. Rats were administered with ethanolic extract of <i>Suaeda maritima</i> at the concentration of 75, 150 and 300 mg/kg of body wt. for 9 days and concanavalin-A was administrated (iv) 12 mg/kg on 9^th day. Rats in concanavalin-A administered group showed elevated levels of AST, ALT, ALP and bilurubin. Pretreatment of rats with ethanolic extract (300 mg/kg) significantly reduced these serum parameters compared to concavalin-A administered group. Histopathological examination of liver sections showed that, normal liver architecture was disturbed by hepatotoxin intoxication. The extract treated group and silymarin treated group retained the normal cell architecture, although less visible changes were observed. Preliminary phytochemical analysis showed the presence of triterpenioids and may be responsible for the hepatoprotective activity. The LD₅₀ was calculated as 3 g/kg of the body weight. IC₅₀ values of hydroxyl (52.21±1.32<img src='/image/spc_char/micro.gif' border=0>g/ml) and nitric oxide radicals (09.14±0.94 <img src='/image/spc_char/micro.gif' border=0>g/ml) scavenging results showed comparable activity with vitamin-C. Results of this study may be useful for the development of herbal medicine from <i style="">Suaeda maritima </i>for the treatment of hepatitis. <br/> <br/>Page(s): 455-460 Sun, 29 May 2011 22:58:59 GMT http://nopr.niscair.res.in/handle/123456789/11743 Title: Sub-chronic diclofenac sodium induced alterations of alkaline phosphatase activity in serum and skeletal muscle of mice <br/> <br/>Authors: Chouhan, Shalini; Sharma, Sushma <br/> <br/>Abstract: The present study has been carried on changes in activity of alkaline phosphatase in serum and gastrocnemius muscle of mice after sub-chronic use of diclofenac. Mice in experimental group received diclofenac (10 mg/kg body wt /day) for 30 days while control group received normal saline. Alkaline phosphatase was assayed in muscle and serum and its activity was localized histochemically in muscle. Results showed that diclofenac induced changes in specific activity of alkaline phosphatase at different periods of treatment variably compared to control group. Specific activity of alkaline phosphatase decreased significantly in gastrocnemius initially (48.74%), increased thereafter (132.96%) and slight decrease (13.97%) was noticed after 30 days. In serum, the specific activity of alkaline phosphatase decreased slightly after 10 days (18.78%), increased in the middle of the treatment period (132.04%) as well as showed increase (109.09%) compared to control group after 30 days stage of investigation. These findings were also confirmed by electrophoretic studies in muscle. <br/> <br/>Page(s): 446-454 Sun, 29 May 2011 22:58:59 GMT