http://nopr.niscair.res.in/handle/123456789/4759 Search the Channel search http://nopr.niscair.res.in/simple-search http://nopr.niscair.res.in/handle/123456789/4925 Title: How Will Patents on Business Methods Affect E-commerce? <br/> <br/>Authors: Chu, Shi-Ting <br/> <br/>Abstract: The paper discusses the important role played by patents on business methods in the development of e-commerce. Monopolization of a company over the Internet with business method patents and its effect on other companies doing business on Internet is also discussed. Famous Internet business method patents and litigations from them, alternative forms of protection for Internet business methods, advantages and disadvantages of patent protection for Internet business methods, new legislations for business method patents, business method patents in Taiwan, and Internet business method patent strategies for e-commerce companies, are also discussed extensively. <br/> <br/>Page(s): 166-179 http://nopr.niscair.res.in/handle/123456789/4924 Title: Why Biotech Patents are Patently Absurd—Scientific Briefing on TRIPS and Related Issues <br/> <br/>Authors: Ho, Mae-Wan <br/> <br/>Abstract: The author discusses TRIPS Agreement and gives reasons for revoking and banning patenting of life forms and living processes. He further discusses about the ways of classifying patents and proprietary databases on life forms and living processes. Also covered are patents based on plagiarism and biopiracy, discoveries, transgenic processes and organisms, nuclear-transplant cloning and other <i style="">in vitro</i> reproductive techniques, stem cells isolation and culture techniques, GM constructs and vectors. He further analyses TRIPS and EU system and discusses about positive aspects of EU Directive, which strongly excludes plant and animal varieties from patenting category <br/> <br/>Page(s): 151-165 http://nopr.niscair.res.in/handle/123456789/4923 Title: Intellectual Property Rights and Assessment of the Raw Materials (Crude Drugs) Used in Indian Systems of Medicine <br/> <br/>Authors: Ahmad, R U <br/> <br/>Abstract: <smarttagtype namespaceuri="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags" name="country-region"><smarttagtype namespaceuri="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags" name="place"> There are two types of Ayurvedic medicines prepared in the country. First is the classical drugs (based on classical literature of the Ayurvedic System of Medicine as given in Schedule-A of the Drug & Cosmetics Act, 1940). Second is the `patent and proprietary’ (P.P.) medicine manufactured by the pharmaceutical industry of the Indian Systems of Medicine (ISM) on their own developed formulations (by adding or deleting in the original classical formulations). In all these formulations, 90% drugs of plant origin are used in their own natural forms as roots, stems, leaves, fruits, and their modified structures and their derivatives like gums, exudates, etc. Since these crude drugs raw material may not have been evaluated scientifically on botanical, pharmacognostical, chemical and pharmacological parameters, etc. it is therefore, necessary to screen them out for various ailments. Pharmaceutical industry of ISM in the country is very large and manufacturing its drugs on the basis of licence issued by the Drug Control Authorities of the respective States. Position of drugs of ISM as to how they are procured, obtained from various resources in the country is not known exactly. The activities attributed to a single plant for various ailments are quite scanty. Their trade history, supply and demand, involvement of national level institutions and their trade market is also not authentically established. Government of India is busy in laying down its standards in the form of pharmacopoeial monographs for quality control purposes. Looking into all these aspects it is necessary that the aspects of intellectual property rights and assessment of raw material (crude drugs) used in ISM is given top priority. The impact of intellectual property-related issues like TRIPS Agreement on the status of crude drugs used in ISM has been discussed. The format proposed by the Forum of Parliamentarians on Intellectual Property Rights is given in the paper and the proposals are given by the author under each item for their adherence to solve the patenting problem of the raw material of ISM industry in the country. </smarttagtype></smarttagtype> <br/> <br/>Page(s): 143-150 http://nopr.niscair.res.in/handle/123456789/4922 Title: Patenting of Computer Software: Status and Approach <br/> <br/>Authors: Tripathi, R C; Garg, A K; Taneja, V B; Chakravarti, A K <br/> <br/>Abstract: <smarttagtype namespaceuri="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags" name="country-region"><smarttagtype namespaceuri="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags" name="place"> Computer software, as literary work, is protected in accordance with the Berne Convention, 1971. Accordingly, it is protected in India under Copyright Act, 1957 (as amended up to 1999). Some developed countries like USA, UK, Japan, etc. have allowed patenting of certain type of computer software related inventions by defining it in their own ways, e.g. “technological arts”. This has generated debate whether such patenting of computer software in India would have positive economic and technological impact as the country is moving ahead to be an important global player in the area of computer software and services. </smarttagtype></smarttagtype> <br/> <br/>Page(s): 128-142