http://nopr.niscair.res.in/handle/123456789/3486 Search the Channel search http://nopr.niscair.res.in/simple-search http://nopr.niscair.res.in/handle/123456789/3617 Title: Personal Data Privacy and Intellectual <br/> <br/>Authors: Karki, M M S <br/> <br/>Abstract: The growing market value of personal data and the difficulty of maintaining information privacy in cyberspace have prompted the legal experts to devise an alternative legal framework for ef-fective data protection. This paper discusses some such alterna-tives available in the literature under intellectual property rights regime. Tensions between data protection and intellectual prop-erty rights enforcement are also mentioned briefly. <br/> <br/>Page(s): 59-63 http://nopr.niscair.res.in/handle/123456789/3616 Title: Intellectual Property Rights in Fisheries Sector <br/> <br/>Authors: Ninan, Sunitha; Sharma, Arpita; Ananthan, P S <br/> <br/>Abstract: Patenting activity in fisheries sector in India was analysed at two levels, i.e., trends in growth of patenting activity during different time periods, 1913-1947, 1947-1970, 1971-1995 and 1996-2000. Patents were also examined to study the nature of technology. This study revealed that there is a steady increase in the average number of patents/year after independence (1947-1970). It was also found that there are on an average, three patents per year after introduction of Indian Patents Act, 1970,and in post WTO era (1996-2000) six patents per year. The analysis of patents documented since 1913 to 2000 revealed a steady increase in patenting activity in the field of fish processing technology (83 patents) and aquaculture (31 patents), whereas, patenting activity in fishing technology (37 patents) has steadily declined. These results indicate an aspect of less innovation in fisheries sector as reflected by patent statistics. However, there has been a shift towards increased patenting activity in post TRIPS era particularly by domestic applicants. <br/> <br/>Page(s): 52-58 http://nopr.niscair.res.in/handle/123456789/3613 Title: Patenting of Biological Material and Biotechnology <br/> <br/>Authors: Chawla, H S <br/> <br/>Abstract: One of the major challenges faced by developing countries due to globalization and TRIPS regulations is understanding of intellectual property rights (IPR) laws of different countries in context of recent innovations in biotechnology and bioinformatics. While biotechnology involves application of technology on biological organisms, viz., microorganisms, plant and animals and biological material of DNA, RNA and proteins, patenting laws of different countries are solely based on non-biological objects and inventions. Hence biotechnological inventions and their interpretations are discussed in context of laws of different countries for granting patent claims although basic criteria are the same. Patenting and protection of plants, animals, cloning, expressed sequence tags (ESTs) have been discussed in the context of TRIPS regulations, EPO directive and USPTO guidelines. With the large scale sequencing of genomes of various species, a new scientific discipline of bioinformatics has emerged that encompasses biological information, acquisition, processing, storage and distribution, analysis and interpretation of data. Thus inventions relating to tools of bioinformatics, methodology and interpretation as business methods are analysed with regard to patenting. <br/> <br/>Page(s): 44-51 http://nopr.niscair.res.in/handle/123456789/3612 Title: Intellectual Property Rights and Innovation in SMEs in OECD Countries <br/> <br/>Authors: Burrone, Esteban <br/> <br/>Abstract: The increasing importance of intangible assets as a source of competitive advantage for firms, has made the intellectual property (IP) system increasingly attractive and, in many cases, indispensable for all economic agents. As small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) account for approximately 95% of the business population and play a significant role in the national economy in terms of their sizeable contribution to GDP, employment generation, export performance, and achieving sustainable national economic development, most governments have placed increasing emphasis on facilitating the creation and development of the national SMEs sector. Nevertheless, empirical evidence suggests that SMEs face significant barriers in making effective use of the IP system and this may have an impact on their ability to exploit their innovative and creative capabilities. This paper explores some of these barriers and analyses some of the policies enacted, primarily in OECD countries, to try and over come them. The paper also suggests that it is crucial that initiatives seeking to make a real impact in increasing awareness and encouraging a more effective use of the IP system by entrepreneurs and SMEs manage to incorporate IP within the broader development framework of support for SMEs. <br/> <br/>Page(s): 34-43