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Eight weeks judo training increases oxidative stress biomarkers and creatine kinase in male judoka

2015-10-01T00:00:00Z

Title: Eight weeks judo training increases oxidative stress biomarkers and creatine kinase in male judoka Authors: Tartibian, Bakhtyar; Nouri, Hirash; Azadpour, Noushin; Koşar, Şukran Nazan; Massart, Alain; Filaire, Edith Abstract: Judo athletes are highly susceptible to chronic muscle damage and oxidative injury. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of 8 weeks judo training program on oxidative stress biomarkers and creatine kinase (CK) in male judo athletes. Twenty-four elite male judo athletes were randomly divided into control (C; n=12) and experimental groups (E; n =12). The experimental group (E) performed judo training 6 days/week for 8 weeks. The control group (C) did not participate in any exercise training program during the study. Blood samples were collected 24 h before the beginning of the training protocol, 24 h post-exercise in week 8 and after one week of recovery, to determine hemoglobin (Hb), hematocrit (HCT), blood viscosity, plasma malondialdehyde (MDA), serum protein carbonyls (PC), plasma fibrinogen and serum CK. Eight weeks of judo training increased maximal oxygen consumption (VO_{2 max}), decreased body mass and fat% in E group. In E group, the levels of MDA, fibrinogen, PC and CK increased at post exercise (P <0.05); and returned to the baseline values after one week of recovery (P >0.05). No significant changes observed in hemoglobin concentration, hematocrit and blood viscosity at post-exercise in both the groups (P >0.05). Increases in oxidative stress biomarkers and CK following judo exercise training may be due to long duration or intensity of judo training and/or not enough recovery. In conclusion, an 8-wk usual pre-competition training program resulted in increased oxidative stress biomarkers and muscle damage indices in elite judo athletes. Thus, in planning judo training programs sufficient recovery time should be given to prevent excessive oxidative stress and related muscle damage. Page(s): 281-288

Evaluation of platelet GPIIb rs5911 polymorphism in relation to inflammation in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

2015-10-01T00:00:00Z

Title: Evaluation of platelet GPIIb rs5911 polymorphism in relation to inflammation in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Authors: Altinoz, Hilal; Ergun, Ilyas Samet; Koray, Ak; Uyguner, Zehra Oya; Ahmad, Sarfraz; Yardimci, K Turay; Tetik, Sermin Abstract: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) has susceptibility to inflammation, and hence demands investigation for/on its association with systemic inflammatory cytokines. Here, we evaluated platelet GPIIb rs5911 polymorphism and its relevance to inflammation in COPD patients using biomarkers. The study enrolled COPD patients (n=40) from S B Sureyyapasa Thoracic Disease Research & Training Hospital during May 2009 to December 2011 and healthy volunteers (n=24) from the Faculty of Pharmacy Laboratories, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey. Patient demographics, smoking habits, duration of COPD, co-morbidities, hemogram, C-reactive protein, biochemical and spirometry data were collected. Biomarker’s levels were quantitated by ELISA. After DNA isolation, GPIIb/IIIa and GPIIb polymorphisms were determined by PCR-RFLP, and gel electrophoresis to determine ITGA2B rs5911 polymorphism. Mean age was: patients=60.3±11.8 years and controls=51.4±7.0 years. There was significant difference in patient’s disease periods (acute 9.8±6.9 vs. stable 1.6±1.1 years, P <0.05). 70% COPD patients had co-morbidities. Patients vs. control levels were: IL-6 (148.4±18.4 vs. 139.6±16.3 pg/mL; P =0.60), IL-10 (119.5±30.2 vs. 106.5±13.9 pg/mL; P =0.44), TNF-α (483.8±63.7 vs. 447.3±46.3 pg/mL; P =0.018). IL-6 and IL-10 levels were found decreased while hemoglobin, hematocrit, leukocyte, platelet count increased. Similarly, TNF-α also decreased while hematocrit and leukocyte increased (as the platelet counts also increased). Patient’s genotypes were 41.5% T/T (homolog-normal), 38.9% T/G (heterolog-polymorphic), 19.4% G/G (homolog-polymorphic), and control’s 33.3% T/T, 60% T/G, 6.7% G/G. While the T/T genotype patients were younger with longer COPD duration, G/G genotype cases were older, less smoker, and less hypertensive. The G/G genotype cases had more IL-10 vs. T/T cases. G/G genotype patients were older compared to others. Over all, the systemic inflammatory cytokine levels were relatively higher in COPD patients suggesting inflammatory response. Despite less smoking, G/G homolog polymorphism showed susceptibility to inflammation. Page(s): 289-296

Capsazepine, rimonabant, WIN55, 212-2 and lidocaine attenuated acute lung inflammation induced by co-exposure of capsaicin and cigarette smoke extract in rats

2015-10-01T00:00:00Z

Title: Capsazepine, rimonabant, WIN55, 212-2 and lidocaine attenuated acute lung inflammation induced by co-exposure of capsaicin and cigarette smoke extract in rats Authors: Majumdar, Anuradha S; Sangole, Prajakta N; Kane, Anushree S Abstract: Cigarette smoking is central to the pathogenesis of lung inflammatory diseases like asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The study evaluated the effect of drugs belonging to pharmacologically different classes viz., capsazepine, a TRPV1 antagonist; rimonabant, a CB1 antagonist; WIN 55,212-2, a cannabimimetic; and lidocaine, a local anaesthetic in lung inflammation induced by cigarette smoke extract (CSE) and Capsaicin. Capsazepine (10 mg/kg), rimonabant (3 mg/kg), WIN 55,212-2 (3 mg/kg), and lidocaine (1 mg/kg), were intraperitoneally (i.p.) administered to Wistar rats. They were then exposed to capsaicin (20 mg of Capsicum oleoresin/kg body weight i.p.) followed by intratracheal administration of CSE (1.3 mL/kg). After 24 hours, Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) was performed, and lungs were removed and processed to assess the various lung inflammatory parameters. Co-exposure with capsaicin and CSE lead to rise in leucocyte counts and total proteins in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). Pretreatment with capsazepine, rimonabant, WIN 55,212-2 and lidocaine significantly abrogated the lung inflammation. They also prevented the rise in lung tumor necrosis factor α (TNF α), myeloperoxidase (MPO) and matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP 9) activities. This was further corroborated with histopathological evidences. The study reveals that these drugs act through distinct mechanisms to abate capsaicin- and CSE-induced lung inflammation in rats. The effects may be attributed to direct or indirect inhibition of the inflammatory cascade after transient receptor potential vanilloid (TRPV1) channel activation by CSE and capsaicin. The impact of the test drugs in reducing capsaicin plus CSE induced lung inflammation makes them potential candidates for the treatment of lung inflammatory diseases. Page(s): 297-304

Neurobehavioural, biochemical and immunological manifestations in workers exposed to organophosphate insecticides

2015-10-01T00:00:00Z

Title: Neurobehavioural, biochemical and immunological manifestations in workers exposed to organophosphate insecticides Authors: Zaidi, Shakeel; Bhatnagar, Vijay; Patel, Ashwin B; Tripathi, Somnath; Sinha, Sukesh; Choudhari, Ranjana; Shivgotra, Vijay Abstract: Organophosphate (OP) pesticides commonly used in agriculture in India are reported to cause poisoning. The effects of acute poisoning by pesticides are well-established; however, low and long-term exposure causing ill health is controversial. Further, the existing database regarding the toxicity effects of OP pesticides (triazophos and acephate) is much limited in India. In this study, we investigated the neurobehavioral, biochemical and immunological manifestation and their possible correlation with triazophos and acephate exposure in humans. A total number of 161 employees comprising control group (n=40), maintenance group (n=50) and exposed group (n=71) working in a unit manufacturing triazophos and acephate were enrolled in the study. Control group comprised of executives, clerks, security and peon, etc. Exposed and maintenance groups included workers engaged in production, formulation, transportation and maintenance of triazophos and acephate. Demographic profile and occupational history were recorded. A battery of neurobehavioral tests was employed as per ILO (1971) recommendations to evaluate neurobehavioral performance. In a sub-set study of population, serum samples were analyzed for immunological (IgG, IgM and IgA) and thyroid function tests (T3, T4 and TSH). Neurobehavioral findings indicated that exposed group of workers had performance deficiency in digit symbol test in percentage of accuracy, compared to the other groups. A significant (P <0.05) decrease in neurobehavioral performance like finger dexterity test (accuracy %), memory test (forward and backward) and digit symbol test (total) was observed in maintenance group, as compared to control and exposed groups. Workers of exposed group showed poor performance in only tweezer dexterity test (accuracy %). Serum IgM levels showed a significant increase in exposed subjects, indicating the impairment of immune system, while thyroid function was normal in study population. The study showed a possible correlation with exposure to OP pesticides in relation to impairment in some of the neurobehavioral and immunological parameters that might be useful in assessing OP poisoning. Page(s): 305-310