http://nopr.niscair.res.in/handle/123456789/13287 Search the Channel search http://nopr.niscair.res.in/simple-search http://nopr.niscair.res.in/handle/123456789/13332 Title: Comparative analysis on efficiency of reverse osmosis and alkaline precipitation to remove hazardous substances in a tanning wastewater <br/> <br/>Authors: Hintermeyer, B H; Curvale, R A; Padilla, A Pérez; Tavani, E L <br/> <br/>Abstract: Reverse osmosis (RO) with polyamide membrane of spiral wound and precipitation with commercial sodium carbonate were studied to remove hazardous substances [chromium(III), sulfate, chloride and sodium] contained in a tanning wastewater. RO removed chromium(III) very efficiently (99.83%) and with lower but appreciable yields the other three constituents of liquid effluent. Major inconvenience of RO was fast decrease of permeate flux due to insufficient transmembrane pressure used. In turn, 99.71% of chromium(III) was separated with precipitation. Contents of sulfate, chloride and sodium remained without noticeable changes in filtrate liquid. Main physicochemical features of concentrate obtained at the end of RO and of precipitates produced for different reaction times were established. <br/> <br/>Page(s): 79-84 http://nopr.niscair.res.in/handle/123456789/13331 Title: Performance evaluation of a single cylinder diesel engine fueled with biodiesel produced from pumpkin oil <br/> <br/>Authors: Kumar, D Jayaprasanna; Binnal, Prakash <br/> <br/>Abstract: This study presents transesterification of pumpkin oil to produce biodiesel. A maximum biodiesel yield (96.32%) was observed under optimum conditions for pumpkin oil transesterification [temp., 50°C, molar ratio of methanol to oil, 6:1, KOH, 1.2% (by wt of oil) and time, 90 min]. Performance characteristics of B20 were found to be quite close to petroleum diesel. Thus, 20% blend of pumpkin oil biodiesel can be safely used with petroleum diesel. <br/> <br/>Page(s): 75-78 http://nopr.niscair.res.in/handle/123456789/13330 Title: Effect of injection timing on performance, combustion and emission characteristics of diesel engine using mahua oil methyl ester as fuel <br/> <br/>Authors: Solaimuthu, Chandrakasan; Govindarajan, Palanisamy <br/> <br/>Abstract: This study presents effect of injection timing on performance, combustion and emission characteristics of mahua biodiesel (<i>Madhuca indica</i>) and its blends with pure diesel on a 4 stroke tangentially vertical single cylinder (TV 1) direct injection diesel engine. Standard injection pressure (220 bar) is maintained throughout the experiment. Injection timings (22°, 23° and 24° bTDC) were considered under steady state conditions at maximum load condition of the engine. At injection timing of 22° bTDC, blend B25 (25% mahua biodiesel and 75% pure diesel, by vol) gave optimum performance, which is very close to pure diesel. Thus B25 fuel can be effectively used in a diesel engine as an alternative fuel without any modification in the engine. Diesel (25%) thus saved will greatly help the interests of railways in meeting the demand for fuel, as diesel trains are operated at maximum load condition. <br/> <br/>Page(s): 69-74 http://nopr.niscair.res.in/handle/123456789/13329 Title: Study of single cylinder di-diesel engine performance fueled with neat coconut oil methyl ester (COME) and methanol as dual fuel <br/> <br/>Authors: Rao, P S V Ramana; Rao, B V Appa; Padhi, Saroj Kumar; Haribabu, N <br/> <br/>Abstract: This study presents effect of engine performance, exhaust emissions and combustion characteristics of a single cylinder laboratory based four stroke cycle direct injection (DI) diesel engine fueled by neat coconut oil methyl ester (COME) injected through conventional nozzle (injection pressure 200 bar) and a separate electronic injector is used as retrofit to inject methanol (injection pressure 3 bar) at an appropriate time at suction end after complete opening of suction valve. Tests were conducted at five different loads at rated speed of 1500 rpm. With increase in methanol%, pressure variation increases per degree of crank revolution with progressively increasing delay periods. Biodiesel with 5% methanol injection produced better diffused combustion and a good share of heat release was observed in premixed and diffused combustion zones, besides HC and NO emissions are lower and consistent with minimum change in its value as load is increasing. Smoke emission decreased at individual loading of engine with more methanol (up to 7%) and there is a rise in smoke at 10% methanol injection. Thus a mixture of 5% methanol injection with biodiesel operation is the most economical fuel combination in improving engine performance and decreasing emissions. <br/> <br/>Page(s): 63-68